The influence of parental level of education on students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Rano LGA, Kano State
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Background of the Study:
Parental education significantly influences the academic performance of students by shaping the home learning environment and determining the level of academic support available (Umar, 2023). In Rano LGA, Kano State, the educational attainment of parents has emerged as a critical factor in student success. Parents with higher educational levels are more likely to provide academic assistance, foster a culture that values education, and actively participate in school activities (Bello, 2024). In contrast, parents with limited education may find it challenging to support their children’s academic endeavors, thereby adversely affecting their performance. The impact of parental education extends beyond mere academic support; it shapes students’ attitudes, aspirations, and overall engagement with learning (Chukwu, 2023). Additionally, parental involvement can lead to better school attendance, higher motivation, and improved academic outcomes. Socio-economic factors, often correlated with parental education levels, further influence these dynamics, making it essential to explore the interplay between home environment, parental expectations, and student performance (Dada, 2023). This study focuses on understanding how parental educational levels affect academic performance in secondary schools in Rano LGA, considering local socio-cultural factors. The research will examine the mechanisms through which parental education impacts learning—whether through direct academic support, the establishment of study routines, or by setting high educational expectations. Eze (2024) argues that the relationship between parental education and student success is multifaceted and context-dependent, necessitating a detailed investigation within specific communities. Understanding these relationships can provide insights into targeted interventions that enhance parental engagement and support, thereby improving student outcomes in Rano LGA.
Statement of the Problem:
Despite the recognized importance of parental education in shaping student outcomes, many students in Rano LGA, Kano State, come from households where parents have limited formal education. This limitation often results in insufficient academic support at home and lower educational expectations, which can adversely affect students’ performance (Folarin, 2023). The disparity in parental education levels creates an uneven playing field, where students from more educated backgrounds tend to perform better academically compared to their peers from less educated families. This situation is exacerbated by minimal parental involvement in school activities and a lack of structured guidance, which further widens the educational gap. Moreover, socio-economic challenges associated with lower parental education often result in reduced access to educational resources, thereby compounding the problem (Ganiyu, 2023). Despite various interventions aimed at promoting parental involvement, there remains a significant gap in understanding the direct impact of parental education on academic performance in this locality. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the extent to which parental education influences academic outcomes, identify the pathways through which it exerts its impact, and propose strategies to bolster parental engagement and support for improved student achievement (Hassan, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between parental education levels and students’ academic performance.
- To assess the role of parental involvement in mediating academic outcomes in secondary schools.
- To propose recommendations for enhancing parental engagement in the educational process.
Research Questions:
- How does parental level of education influence academic performance in secondary schools in Rano LGA?
- What role does parental involvement play in shaping academic outcomes?
- What strategies can improve parental engagement in schools?
Research Hypotheses:
- Higher parental education levels are positively correlated with improved academic performance.
- Increased parental involvement mediates the relationship between parental education and student achievement.
- Interventions enhancing parental engagement lead to better academic outcomes.
Significance of the Study:
This study is significant as it elucidates the impact of parental education on student academic performance, highlighting the role of parental involvement in fostering educational success. Its findings will offer valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and community leaders to bridge educational disparities and design targeted interventions that enhance parental support and student achievement in Rano LGA.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to secondary schools in Rano LGA, Kano State and focuses solely on the influence of parental education on academic performance. It does not consider other external factors influencing student outcomes.
Definitions of Terms:
- Parental Education: The highest level of formal education attained by parents or guardians.
- Academic Performance: The measurable outcomes of students' learning, often reflected by grades and test scores.
- Parental Involvement: The active participation of parents in their children’s education and school-related activities.
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